A decline access pathway is mined down to the gold. In underhand cutandfill mining, work progresses from the top downward. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and. The program calculates cutfill volumes for the entire site or within areas of interest. This is the classic method for mining narrow orebodies and involves extracting the ore in small slices, 2 to 4m high, working from the. Decmil our founding construction and engineering business was established in the pilbara region of western australia in 1978. The charcas mine uses the hydraulic cutandfill method and the roomandpillar mining method with descending benches. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to. In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with. Clear and detailed volume reports include cutfill volumes, subgrade volumes, strata volumes, topsoil removalreplacement, and overexcavate volumes.
Cut and fill mining is a favored choice for steeply dipping and sometimes irregular ore bodies and preferred by mines that require the capability of selective mining and adaptability to variations in the rock mass. Cut and fill mining method 101 newtrax technologies inc. The rock mass surrounding the ore deposit is also usually weak unable to support loads over an extended stoping height. Cut and fill stoping is a preferred method for high grade ore bodies with a steep dip size or irregular shape or vein structure. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure. Cut and fill mining is a method of short hole mining used in narrow ore zones. Stability analysis of paste fill as stope wall using. Without computer software to determine the amount of land to be added or removed, we can do simple calculations to estimate the cut and fill volume of any site. Cut and fill stoping is a method of underground mining used in vertical stopes and in mining highgrade irregular ore bodies. In order to be a safe mining method by using paste fill, it is necessary to do a research on the stability of paste fill which is used to fi ll the mining stope.
Cost calculations for highly mechanized cut and fill stoping. With this method, ore is recovered in horizontal slices starting from the bottom and advancing upward. Cut and fill mining is generally referred to as a smallscale mining method. Sublevel stoping mining methods are very popular in canadian metal mines since they enable maximum ore recovery due to pillarless mining. Typical equipment used in mechanized cut and fill stopes includes. Depending on the mineral being mined and the nature of the deposit, there are many different underground mining methods that can be implemented. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground. In overhand cutandfill mining, the most common variation, mining starts at the lower level and works upward. Cutandfill mining removes ore in horizontal slices, starting from a bottom. Backfill material is placed into previously mined stopes to provide a stable platform for the miners to work on and ground support for the walls of the ad. Donde hay 2 bombas electricas tipo centrifuga las cuales bombean.
Jan 26, 2010 the 5 calibers to claim the most powerful handgun in the world title reupload duration. Each mine has developed its underhand mining system to accommodate the unique. This system can be adapted to many different ore body shapes and ground conditions. Graphite mining at bogala mines, sri lanka, is a unique example of narrow vein mining where the overhand cutandfill method is applied as the most suitable mode of mining for years. Volumes are calculated using 3d triangulation models, the most accurate way to estimate. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation. Hardrock mining techniquesunderground minesminings method. The 5 calibers to claim the most powerful handgun in the world title reupload duration. Indonesia, the underground mining will be promoted in terms of the increasing mining depth and the environmental protection.
An access ramp is driven off the main level to the bottom of the ore zone to be accessed. In cutandfill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed. In earthmoving, cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway, road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill needed to make nearby embankments, so minimizing the amount of construction labor. Its disadvantages, on the other hand, are as follows. Captive cut and fill is generally used in narrow vein type stopes. Underground mining techniques and risks geology for investors. Immsas principal mining facilities include charcas, santa barbara, san martin, santa eulalia and taxco. The method is similar to cut and fill mining with the ex ception that after being blasted, broken ore is left in the stope where it is used t o support the surrounding rock and as a platform from. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutandfill mining method jian deng lakehead university, canada abstract in underground mining, hydraulic backfill materials, such as waste tailings, river sand, and cement, are often used to fill underground mined stopes. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep hard. Overhand cut and fill evolved from square set stull stoping to provide stronger support. Pwc open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. All of immsas mining facilities employ exploitation systems and conventional equipment.
Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation for more information and to request a free estimate, contact us today. As a mining method cut and fill is ideally suited to the extraction of ore from narrow. Using development mining techniques a drift is driven through the ore to the defined limit of mining. Stoping, cut and fill and other underground methods 3d mine scale model of open stoping showing mining induced displacements on a horizontal cutting plane be specialises in application of advanced, multiscale, discontinuum modelling tools to simulate open stope overbreak, access conditions, filling and induced seismicity. In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with waste rock or tailings. It is a versatile method that provides high ore recovery and is suitable for deposits that require mining ore out of selected ore pockets. There are two basic methods for calculating cut and fill construction projects by hand. T and t represent mines where the stringersetandfill method, using large quantities of timber, is employed under very heavy hangingwall conditions that require cautious mining.
Cut and fill, drift and fill the rock quality designation is a further critical factor. In cut and fill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed backfill, after extraction of adjacent pillars that contain economic minerals, the backfill is often subject to exposure of free standing on at least one side. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutandfill. Suitability of the overhand cutandfill mining method for.
Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel stoping, cutandfill, longwall mining, sublevel caving, block caving, backfill. Overhand cutandfill mining mining method britannica. The stability of the stope opening is a factor that greatly determines succesfull operation of an underground mining. An overview on the use of paste backfill technology as a. These graphite deposits are mined by underground mining, mostly by applying the overhand cutandfill method. In underhand cut and fill mining, work progresses from the top downward. In underground mining, hydraulic backfill materials, such as waste tailings, river sand, and cement, are often used to fill underground mined stopes. So, the cut and fill process is typically one of the first construction processes to take place on a site. Excavation and embankment cut and fill civil engineering. For fill sections the offset is 10 feet beyond the catch and for cut sections the offset is 7 feet beyond the catch. T and t represent mines where the stringerset and fill method, using large quantities of timber, is employed under very heavy hangingwall conditions that require cautious mining. In cutandfill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed backfill, after extraction of adjacent pillars that contain economic minerals, the backfill is often subject to exposure of free standing on at least one side. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. This cost can be justified if the ore body is of a particularly high grade.
Underhand cutandfill mining at the murray mine, jerritt canyon joint venture. In the grid method, you divide your plan up into a set at equally sized grid squares and then determine the cut or fill volume for each individual grid cell. A database of twelve 12 underhand cut and fill operations was compiled as part of this project through mine visits. Cost calculations for highly mechanized cutandfill stoping. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. In cut and fill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed. Overhand cut and fill mining method is used in steeply dipping ore bodies in strata having a relatively weak strength and comparatively high grade ore. Nov 02, 2011 underground mining, underground mining methods. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. In this latter case cement must be added to the fill to form a strong roof under which to.
Cut and fill welcome to the narrowvein mining project. Estimating cut and fill byhand estimating cut and fill. Cut and fill calculations the university of memphis. Cut and fill stoping by courtesy of tamrock sandvick copyright. Cut and fill is a very expensive mining method, due in large part to the high costs of backfill.
Development in the ore of the upper and lower drift. In overhand cut and fill mining, the most common variation, mining starts at the lower level and works upward. Together with room and pillar mining, it is the most flexible of underground methods. Cut and fill mining is a method of shorthole mining used in steeply dipping or irregular ore zones, in particular where the hanging wall limits the use of longhole methods. When using a rod, level, and tape, the conversion from elevations to rod readings will expedite the staking.
Permission of the author and publisher is required for any other usage. New technology has enabled greater productivity and safer mining in underground operations, which has also helped decrease the cost of such production methods. For more than 40 years, we have successfully delivered complex, largescale civil engineering and construction projects for many of the bestknown companies in their fields, delivering costeffective results whilst maintaining quality and safety. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Stoping, cut and fill and other underground methods beck. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the underhand cut and fill mining methods used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the northwestern us figure 3. Pillars are left inside the stope to support the roof. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation duration. Dec 20, 2017 mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation duration. Embankment the placement and compaction of layers of earth or rock to form a roadbed of the. In this method, mining begins at the bottom of the ore body. Underhand cut and fill mining at the murray mine, jerritt canyon joint venture. At ss the higher cost is due to the use of considerable squareset stoping in conjunction with cut and fill stoping. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient.
At ss the higher cost is due to the use of considerable squareset stoping in conjunction with cutandfill stoping. Excavated rock is taken to the surface with gold ore taken to strathalbyn and rock without gold mullock is stored on the surface before being progressively returned to the mine to fill the excavated voids. Pdf cost calculations for highly mechanized cutandfill. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cut and fill mining method jian deng lakehead university, canada abstract in underground mining, hydraulic backfill materials, such as waste tailings, river sand, and cement, are often used to fill underground mined stopes. Excavation and embankment cut and fill excavation the removal of soil or rock from its natural location. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. Minedout stopes are hydraulically backfilled with tailings, and. Underhand cut and fill, also referred to as undercut and fill, is a variation of the cut and fill mining method. Drill jumbos, lhds, trucks, scaling machines, scissor lifts, bolting jumbos captive cut and fill refers to mining of stopes where equipment remains in the stope during the life of the stope. Cut and fill mining is a favored choice for steeply dipping and sometimes irregular ore bodies and preferred by mines that require selectivity. Together with roomandpillar mining, it is the most flexible of underground methods. The ore is mined in horizontal or slightly inclined slices, and then filled with waste rock, sand or tailings.
1019 416 1558 153 201 1445 1543 1099 286 1390 1183 1564 1369 179 395 1170 1248 1164 369 1455 279 614 1353 180 75 1244 24 1397 1110 1028 423 1045 182 637 559 133 1530 734 1089 384 750 341 694 1347 381 624 884 614 691